The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima

نویسندگان

  • Joseph Zydlewski
  • Stephen D. McCormick
چکیده

Larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) raised from eggs in the laboratory were subjected to biweekly 24-h seawater (35 ppt) challenges. There was no survival in seawater before 36 days post-hatch, and most mortalities occurred within 2 h of transfer. Twenty-four hour survival reached 89% in seawater at 45 days post-hatch (when larval–juvenile metamorphosis occurred), 96% at 58 days post-hatch, and 92–100% from 58 to 127 days post-hatch. Survival in seawater for 24 h was a good indicator of long-term survival and growth. Seawater tolerance was associated with gill development and increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, which occurred at the onset of the larval–juvenile metamorphosis (3 months prior to the peak of migration). Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased threefold in juvenile shad acclimated to 35-ppt seawater, reached peak levels 5 days after transfer, and remained elevated with respect to controls. Plasma sodium and chloride increased 12 and 11%, respectively, within 48 h of seawater exposure. Plasma sodium recovered to initial levels and plasma chloride stabilized at a level 10% higher than initial levels after 5 days. Ionic perturbations that occurred at elevated salinities stabilized when gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased. Résumé : Des aloses savoureuses (Alosa sapidissima) larvaires et juvØniles ØlevØes depuis l’oeuf dans le laboratoire ont ØtØ soumises à des stimulations par l’eau de mer (35 parties par millier) pendant 24 h deux fois par semaine. On n’a pas enregistrØ de survie dans l’eau de mer avant 36 jours aprŁs l’Øclosion et la plus grande partie de la mortalitØ est survenue dans un dØlai de 2 h aprŁs le transfert dans l’eau de mer. La survie pendant 24 h a atteint 89% dans l’eau de mer 45 jours aprŁs l’Øclosion (lorsque la mØtamorphose larve–juvØnile se produit), 96% à 58 jours aprŁs l’Øclosion et 92–100% entre 58 et 127 jours aprŁs l’Øclosion. La survie dans l’eau de mer pendant 24 h Øtait un bon indicateur de la survie et de la croissance à long terme. La tolØrance à l’eau de mer a ØtØ liØe au dØveloppement des branchies et à une activitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique accrue qui survient au dØbut de la mØtamorphose larve–juvØnile (3 mois avant la migration de pointe). L’activitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique a triplØ chez l’alose juvØnile acclimatØe à l’eau de mer (35 parties par millier), a atteint son maximum 5 jours aprŁs le transfert et est demeurØe ØlevØe par rapport à la situation observØe chez les tØmoins. Les concentrations de sodium et de chlorure plasmatiques ont augmentØ de 12 et 11% dans un dØlai de 48 h aprŁs l’exposition à l’eau de mer. La concentration de sodium plasmatique est revenue à sa valeur initiale et celle du chlorure s’est stabilisØe à une concentration supØrieure de 10% à la valeur initiale aprŁs 5 jours. Les perturbations ioniques qui sont survenues à des salinitØs ØlevØes se sont stabilisØes lorsque l’activitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique a augmentØ. [Traduit par la RØdaction]

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Development of ultrasound detection in American shad (Alosa sapidissima).

It has recently been shown that a few fish species, including American shad (Alosa sapidissima; Clupeiformes), are able to detect sound up to 180 kHz, an ability not found in most other fishes. Initially, it was proposed that ultrasound detection in shad involves the auditory bullae, swim bladder extensions found in all members of the Clupeiformes. However, while all clupeiformes have bullae, n...

متن کامل

Developmental and environmental regulation of chloride cells in young American shad, Alosa sapidissima.

Location, abundance, and morphology of gill chloride cells were quantified during changes in osmoregulatory physiology accompanying early development in American shad, Alosa sapidissima. During the larval-juvenile transition of shad, gill chloride cells increased 3.5-fold in abundance coincident with gill formation, increased seawater tolerance, and increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Chlorid...

متن کامل

STUDIES ON REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY IN A PRIMITIVE TELEOSTEI, THE AMERICAN SHAD (Alosa sapidissima)

American shad is an anadromous fish that displays asynchronous ovarian development. In an effort to enhance our understanding of the reproductive cycle of this primitive Teleostei species, and provide better management tools for the Chesapeake fishery, we have conducted studies of its gonadal and hormonal cycles. We developed various assays to measure reproductive endocrine factors including: 1...

متن کامل

Neuronal encoding of ultrasonic sound by a fish.

Many species of odontocete cetaceans (toothed whales) use high-frequency clicks (60-170 kHz) to identify objects in their environment, including potential prey. Behavioral studies have shown that American shad, Alosa sapidissima, can detect ultrasonic signals similar to those of odontocetes that are potentially their predators. American shad also show strong escape behavior in response to ultra...

متن کامل

Allis shad (Alosa alosa) exhibit an intensity-graded behavioral response when exposed to ultrasound.

Most fish cannot hear frequencies above 3 kHz, but a few species belonging to the subfamily Alosinae (family Clupeidae) can detect intense ultrasound. The response of adult specimens of the European allis shad (Alosa alosa) to sinusoidal ultrasonic pulses at 70 and 120 kHz is tested. The fish showed an intensity-graded response to the ultrasonic pulses with a response threshold between 161 and ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1997